Dataset to: "Harzhauser et al. (2024) Solar cycles modulated the Late Triassic Pangean Megamonsoon "

The supercontinent Pangea attained its maximum size with land masses being equally distributed on both hemispheres during the Triassic. The peculiar configuration of continents gave rise to the largest monsoon system of Earth’s history, termed Pangean Megamonsoon (PMM). This monsoon system peaked around 234–232 my during the Carnian Pluvial Event, a short-lived period of strongly increased precipitation. We present a section from the Reifling Basin in Austria, which formed at that time along the northwestern margin of the Tethys Realm. The record documents a strong modulation of the PMM on millennial and centennial scales over ~215 kyr of Carnian time. Precessional modulation is expressed in alternations between phases of predominant summer monsoon and phases of strong winter monsoon. Moist landward directed southerlies resulted in increased runoff and strengthened coastal upwelling during summer monsoon. Both mechanisms boosted primary productivity and caused severe bottom water anoxia. Dry northerlies forced downwelling and bottom water ventilation during winter monsoon. Monsoon intensity was also governed by solar cycles, like the 6 kyr-Heinrich-Bond cycle and ~210 yr De Vries cycle. These were not strong enough to initiate downwelling but are expressed by strongly reduced terrestrial input during phases of predominating winter monsoon.